Eski kom\u00fcnist diktat\u00f6r Todor Jivkov\u2019un inisiyatifinde giri\u015fimler ve kanl\u0131 bask\u0131 sonucu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk isimlerinin zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, dini ibadetlerinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Haziran 1989\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Bulgaristan\u2019daki yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 bin g\u00f6\u00e7mene kucak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kom\u00fcnist rejime direni\u015fleri sonucu Jivkov\u2019un taht\u0131ndan devrilmesine vesile olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 eziyetin hesab\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131racak adli organlar ise 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sonu\u00e7land\u0131ram\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Davada san\u0131k olarak Todor Jivkov\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00f6nemin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Dimitar Stoyanov, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Petar Mladenov ve asimilasyonun uygulanmas\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulan politb\u00fcro \u00fcyesi Pen\u00e7o Kubadinki san\u0131k olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
San\u0131klar \u201c\u0131rk ve din temelli d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmakla\u201d<\/strong><\/em> su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fcrokratik bir labirente giren bu dava 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5 ayr\u0131 davaya b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra, Askeri Yarg\u0131tay 1989 y\u0131l\u0131na dek s\u00fcren asimilasyon kampanyas\u0131nda taraf olan t\u00fcm \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n ifadelerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 talimat\u0131 vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Davada T\u00fcrkiye ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n ikamet yerinin bulunamamas\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ifadelerinin al\u0131namamas\u0131 nedeniyle s\u00fcre\u00e7te ilerleme sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu arada Kubadinski 1995, Jivkov 1998, Stoyanov 1999 ve Mladenov 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131ktan \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n Aradan ge\u00e7en zamanda yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n ifadesinin al\u0131namamas\u0131 nedeniyle dava konusunda ilerleme sa\u011flanam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bulgaristan Parlamentosu 11 Ocak 2012 tarihinde onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bildiride asimilasyon kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bildiride, \u201cT\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli 360 bini a\u015fk\u0131n vatanda\u015f\u0131n 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmesi, totaliter rejimin bir etnik temizlik giri\u015fimi olarak kabul edilmektedir.\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>ifadeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bulgaristan\u2019daki asimilasyon kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (SSCB) K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun deste\u011fi ile 1944 y\u0131l\u0131nda darbe ile iktidara gelen Bulgaristan Kom\u00fcnist Partisi, (BKP) 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00f6netiminin daha ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 asimilasyon giri\u015fimlerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n \u00dclkede 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk, yurt i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 yerlere s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Todor Jivkov, 1956 y\u0131l\u0131nda iktidara gelir gelmez s\u00f6zde \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n (T\u00fcrklerin) topluma ortak edilmesi\u201d<\/strong> <\/em>ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir talimat kararnamesi imzalad\u0131. Rejim, 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik geleneksel k\u0131yafetlerin giyilmesi ve s\u00fcnnet yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren di\u011fer ad\u0131mlar da att\u0131. Asimilasyon giri\u015fimleriyle 1970-1974 d\u00f6neminde k\u00f6keni T\u00fcrk olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Pomaklar\u0131n adlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu asimilasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve i\u015fkence g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Jivkov rejiminin \u201cYeniden Do\u011fu\u015f\u201d<\/strong><\/em> ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi esas asimilasyon kampanyas\u0131 ise 1884-1985 d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Medyan\u0131n bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuldu\u011fu, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda giri\u015filen bu kampanya d\u00fcnyaya rejimin taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7arp\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Rejimin uluslararas\u0131 alan\u0131ndaki propaganda tutumuna g\u00f6re, \u201cfarkl\u0131 etnik \u015fuura sahip olan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, yan\u0131lg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olup, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Bulgar soyuna do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapmak istedikleri” \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Direni\u015f hareketlerinin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclkenin en korkun\u00e7 toplama kamp\u0131 olan Belene\u2019ye T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli en az 500 ki\u015fi siyasi mahkum olarak yolland\u0131.<\/p>\n Jivkov\u2019un rejimine son veren \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Seyahat\u201d<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye, 4 Haziran 1989\u2019da Kap\u0131kule S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Bulgaristan\u2019da halen \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Seyahat\u201d olarak an\u0131lan, g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131yla en az 360 bin T\u00fcrk T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar evlerini, mal ve m\u00fclklerini geride b\u0131rakarak ta\u015f\u0131yabildikleri e\u015fyalarla g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kerek kervanlar halinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7e zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n Jivkov, kans\u0131z darbe ile taht\u0131ndan devrilmesine 2 hafta kala, 26 Ekim 1989’da BKP Merkez Kurulu geni\u015f oturumunda \u201cMaalesef, SSCB ve Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019dan bekledi\u011fimiz deste\u011fi g\u00f6remedik.\u201d<\/strong><\/em> dedi.<\/p>\n Jivkov rejiminin d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar B\u00fcy\u00fck Seyahat’e kat\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin 150 bin kadar\u0131 Bulgaristan\u2019a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Jivkov\u2019un tek uluslu millet yaratma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda derin bir kriz ya\u015fayan Bulgaristan, uluslararas\u0131 arenada itibar kayb\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131, zaten zay\u0131f olan ekonomisi de i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Asimilasyon kampanyas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda binlerce T\u00fcrk meydanlarda toplan\u0131p protestolara kat\u0131l\u0131rken askerlerin ate\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucu onlarca insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n Kom\u00fcnist ter\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk g\u00fcnlerinde 26 Aral\u0131k 1984\u2019te \u00fclkenin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Mogilyane k\u00f6y\u00fcnde protesto s\u0131ras\u0131nda annesinin kuca\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen 18 ayl\u0131k T\u00fcrkan bebek, rejimin en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kurban\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n \u201cAffettik ama unutmad\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> diyen Bulgaristan T\u00fcrkleri, her y\u0131l Mogilyane\u2019de kurduklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkan \u00c7e\u015fme An\u0131t\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir araya gelerek T\u00fcrkan ile protestoda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen di\u011fer iki ki\u015fi ve bu ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131n bir daha ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in dua ediyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Eski kom\u00fcnist diktat\u00f6r Todor Jivkov\u2019un inisiyatifinde giri\u015fimler ve kanl\u0131 bask\u0131 sonucu yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk isimlerinin zorla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, dini ibadetlerinin yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Haziran 1989\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye Bulgaristan\u2019daki yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 bin g\u00f6\u00e7mene kucak a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kom\u00fcnist rejime direni\u015fleri sonucu Jivkov\u2019un taht\u0131ndan devrilmesine vesile olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 eziyetin hesab\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131racak adli organlar ise 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35437,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,49],"tags":[98,485],"class_list":["post-35435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balkanlar","category-editorun-sectikleri","tag-bulgaristan","tag-soykirim"],"yoast_head":"\n
\nN\u00fcfusu 8,5 milyon olan \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen asimilasyon, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yank\u0131 ve tepki uyand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n