Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Jansa\u2019ya atfedilen bir belgede Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nerisinde bulunulmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda kurgu ve senaryolar\u0131n bitmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en hafta Reuters ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok medya organ\u0131nda Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Janez Jansa\u2019n\u0131n “Bat\u0131 Balkanlar-Daha \u0130leriye” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir belgeyi Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) Konseyi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Charles Michel\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi haberleri yer ald\u0131. Haberlerle g\u00f6re bu belgede Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi gerekti\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu kapsamda s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6neriliyor. Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda istikrar i\u00e7in ortaya at\u0131lan \u00f6neriler \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplan\u0131yor: Birincisi, Bosna Hersek devletinin Bosna Hersek S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan biriminin S\u0131rbistan\u2019la birle\u015fmesi isteniyor. \u0130kincisi, Bosna Hersek devletinin Bo\u015fnak H\u0131rvat Federasyonu biriminde bulunan H\u0131rvat b\u00f6lgesinin H\u0131rvatistan devletine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Belgede dikkat \u00e7eken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc husus ise Kosova ile Arnavutluk\u2019un tek \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir araya getirilmesi. Bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde ifade etmek gerekirse Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131, g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi belgede, Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda siyasi istikrar sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in H\u0131rvatistan, S\u0131rbistan ve Arnavutluk\u2019un s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi fikrini savunuyor. Belgede ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fcfuzunun Bosna-Hersek ve Kuzey Makedonya\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde artmas\u0131ndan duyulan \u015fik\u00e2yet de dile getirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Bu haberlerin yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Slovenya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Borut Pahor, h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin b\u00f6yle bir belgeyi kabul etmedi\u011fini ve Slovenya\u2019n\u0131n Bosna Hersek devletinin mevcut s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla ve en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede AB\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yana olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n lideri Milan Dodik ise kendi ezberini kuvvetlendiren bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yaparak belgedeki \u00f6nerileri destekledi\u011fini belirtti. Dodik, parlamentoda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in referandum yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlad\u0131. AB Konseyi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Michel bu konuda sessiz kalmay\u0131 tercih ederken, ABD y\u00f6netimi ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada Bosna Hersek\u2019in egemenli\u011fi ve toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne vurgu yap\u0131lmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n
Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Jansa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirdi\u011fi belge, Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 25. y\u0131l\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun dikkatinin bir kez daha Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve B\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rbistan projesine y\u00f6nelmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Eski Yugoslavya genelinde S\u0131rp tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6ren proje, Yugoslavya lideri Josip Broz Tito\u2019nun kurdu\u011fu federasyonun 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rbistan hayali Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden oldu<\/strong><\/p>\n Etnisite, din, mezhep bak\u0131m\u0131ndan karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ta\u015f\u0131yan eski Yugoslavya\u2019da Tito\u2019nun 1980\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan g\u00fc\u00e7lenen S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi federe birimlerin merkezi y\u00f6netimle ili\u015fkilerinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Slobodan Milosevi\u00e7\u2019in federe S\u0131rbistan devletinin ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesi bu kapsamda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Milosevi\u00e7\u2019in 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kararla Kosova ve Voyvodina b\u00f6lgelerinin \u00f6zerk stat\u00fclerini ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131 par\u00e7alanmaya giden s\u00fcreci tetikledi. Federal anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen al\u0131nan bu karar, ba\u015fka ihlallerin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7en Yugoslavya\u2019da yeni kurulan ve milliyet\u00e7i ideolojiyi benimseyen siyasal partiler kamuoyu deste\u011fini artt\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0131rbistan\u2019da ise S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi federe cumhuriyetin resm\u00ee ideolojisi haline gelmi\u015fti. \u00c7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7i\u015fin ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler Yugoslavya genelinde ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve tahakk\u00fcmc\u00fc milliyet\u00e7i e\u011filimlerin iktidara ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u0131rp egemenli\u011finden tedirgin olan Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n Katolik cumhuriyetleri H\u0131rvatistan ve Slovenya, 15 Temmuz 1991\u2019de e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler. Bu karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 6 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1992\u2019nin Ocak ay\u0131nda AB\u2019nin devreye girmesiyle Brioni\u2019de ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131 ve silahlar sustu. H\u0131rvatistan ve Slovenya\u2019n\u0131n federasyondan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda i\u00e7eride kalan Makedonya ve Bosna Hersek Cumhuriyetleri zor bir se\u00e7imle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. H\u0131rvatistan ve Slovenya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Almanya ve AB himayesi alt\u0131nda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftu. Bosna Hersek\u2019te Bo\u015fnaklar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer oranda S\u0131rp ve H\u0131rvat ya\u015f\u0131yordu. S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ileri Makedonya\u2019y\u0131 G\u00fcney S\u0131rbistan olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlard\u0131. Tahakk\u00fcmc\u00fc S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden duyulan endi\u015fe nedeniyle 1991 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Makedonya ve 1992 bahar\u0131nda ise Bosna Hersek ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin ideolo\u011fu olan ve bu konuda doktora tezi yazan Vojislav \u015ee\u015felj, S\u0131rplar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri terk edip S\u0131rbistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini yanl\u0131\u015f buluyordu. On g\u00f6re nerede bir S\u0131rp ya\u015f\u0131yorsa oras\u0131 S\u0131rbistan idi. Eninde sonunda S\u0131rbistan do\u011fal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fleyecekti. 1991 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda Makedonya parlamentosu da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Milosevi\u00e7 m\u00fcdahaleye cesaret edemedi. ABD y\u00f6netimi Makedonya\u2019ya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00f6nleme g\u00fcc\u00fc ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda 2 bin deniz piyadesi yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finden duyulan endi\u015fe nedeniyle Slovenya, H\u0131rvatistan ve Makedonya federasyondan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bosna Hersek y\u00f6netimi de bu ko\u015fullarda Yugoslavya i\u00e7erisinde kalmas\u0131 halinde daha fazla bask\u0131 g\u00f6rece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek 1992 Mart ay\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k oylamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Saraybosna\u2019da topland\u0131. Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n protesto etti\u011fi toplant\u0131da H\u0131rvat ve Bo\u015fnak delegelerin ortak karar\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan edildi.<\/p>\n Bu karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bosnal\u0131 S\u0131rplar\u0131n ve S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flayan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Sava\u015f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde Bosnal\u0131 H\u0131rvatlar da Hersek b\u00f6lgesinin H\u0131rvatistan\u2019a kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara dahil olmu\u015ftu. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda S\u0131rp milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin tahrik etti\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131lara diplomatik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan bir netice \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) ve AB ad\u0131na arabuluculuk g\u00f6revi y\u00fcr\u00fcten Cyrus Vance ve Lord Owen\u2019in diplomatik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonu\u00e7 vermeyince ABD do\u011frudan devreye girerek taraflar\u0131 uzla\u015fmaya zorlad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece 1995 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara son veren ve yeni devletin temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. Akabinde Bosna Hersek\u2019te anla\u015fma ile \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen siyasi yap\u0131y\u0131 desteklemek ve istikrar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 60 bin ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan BM Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6revlendirildi. Bosna Hersek Devleti e\u015fit oy hakk\u0131na sahip iki birimden olu\u015fuyordu: \u0130lki Bosna S\u0131rp Cumhuriyeti, ikincisi Bo\u015fnak H\u0131rvat Federasyonu ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n \u201cAnavatan Kosova\u201d efsanesinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n S\u0131rbistan lideri Milosevi\u00e7 1990\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda kendisine yeni hedef olarak Kosova\u2019y\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Orta\u00e7a\u011f S\u0131rp Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olan Kosova\u2019n\u0131n S\u0131rplardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Eski Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n en yoksul b\u00f6lgesi olan Kosova\u2019da ya\u015fayan S\u0131rplar\u0131n ekonomik sebeplerle buradan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Milosevi\u00e7 \u201canavatan Kosova\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgali\u201d bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor ve \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131yordu. Milosevi\u00e7 1998 sonlar\u0131nda Federal Ordu deste\u011fiyle Kosova k\u0131rsal\u0131nda sivil halka kar\u015f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara ba\u015flatt\u0131. Franjo Tudjman\u2019\u0131n H\u0131rvatistan\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131rplar, Federal Ordu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla bo\u015falt\u0131lan Kosova\u2019daki Arnavut k\u00f6ylerine yerle\u015ftiriliyordu.<\/p>\n Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve s\u00fcreklilik kazanmas\u0131na \u00fczerine \u0130brahim Rugova\u2019n\u0131n liderli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar taraf\u0131ndan Kosova Kurtulu\u015f \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (U\u00c7K) kuruldu. Aralar\u0131nda Adem Ya\u015fari ve Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i\u2019nin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 U\u00c7K\u2019nin direni\u015fi, S\u0131rbistan ordusunun Kosova genelinde ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etnik temizlik boyutuna ula\u015fan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmekte yeterli olmuyordu. O d\u00f6nemki ad\u0131yla Avrupa Topluluklar\u0131 (Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulu\u011fu), Bosna Hersek\u2019in ard\u0131ndan Kosova\u2019daki sald\u0131rganl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir ad\u0131m atm\u0131yordu. Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019in muhalefeti nedeniyle BM\u2019den Milosevi\u00e7\u2019i durduracak bir karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131nca ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill Clinton ikinci kez inisiyatif kulland\u0131. 1999 Mart ay\u0131nda NATO, Kosova\u2019da sivil halk\u0131 katleden Milosevi\u00e7\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7ti. Belgrad da dahil olmak \u00fczere S\u0131rp mevzileri bombard\u0131mana tutuldu.<\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi B\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rbistan projesi Bat\u0131 balkanlarda Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na federe cumhuriyetlerin ve hatta \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge idarelerinin ayr\u0131 devlet haline gelmesine sebep oldu. Bosna Hersek ve Kosova sava\u015flar\u0131nda y\u00fcz binlerce insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, milyonlarcas\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 topraklardan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Ya\u015fanan t\u00fcm bu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara ra\u011fmen B\u00fcy\u00fck S\u0131rbistan hayalinin yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ve vizyona sokulmas\u0131 Bat\u0131 Balkanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda kurgu ve senaryolar\u0131n bitmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n [Prof. Dr. \u0130rfan Kaya \u00dclger Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u0130BF Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r] AA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Jansa\u2019ya atfedilen bir belgede Bat\u0131 Balkanlarda siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nerisinde bulunulmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda kurgu ve senaryolar\u0131n bitmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Ge\u00e7en hafta Reuters ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok medya organ\u0131nda Slovenya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Janez Jansa\u2019n\u0131n “Bat\u0131 Balkanlar-Daha \u0130leriye” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir belgeyi Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) Konseyi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Charles Michel\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi haberleri yer …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,49],"tags":[293,80],"class_list":["post-34651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balkanlar","category-editorun-sectikleri","tag-balkanlar","tag-sirbistan"],"yoast_head":"\n